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Journal of the Geological Society; 2007; v. 164; issue.2; p. 405-423;
DOI: 10.1144/0016-76492006-023
© 2007 Geological Society of London

Original Article

Late Neoproterozoic to Early Palaeozoic palaoegeography of the Holy Cross Mountains (Central Europe): an integrated approach

J. Nawrocki1, J. DunlAp2, Z. Pecskay3, L. Krzeminski1, A. Zylinska4, M. Fanning2, W. Kozlowski4, S. Salwa5, Z. Szczepanik5 & W. Trela5

1 1Polish Geological Institute, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warsaw, Poland (e-mail: jerzy.nawrocki@pgi.gov.pl)
2 2Research School of Earth Sciences, Australia National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
3 3Institute of Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-4026 Debrecen, Bem t. 18/c, Hungary
4 4Geological Faculty, Warsaw University, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Waraw, Poland
5 5Polish Geological Institute, Holy Cross Mts. Branch, Zgoda 21, 25-953 Kielce, Poland

Study of geochemistry, examination of isotope ages of detrital minerals, palaeomagnetic analysis, and a study of the trilobites were performed to provide constraints on the palaeogeographical position of the Holy Cross Mountains in Late Ediacaran–Early Palaeozoic time. The geochemical results indicate an active continental margin or continental island arc provenance of the Ediacaran sediments. Sediments from a passive continental margin were deposited here during the Cambrian and Ordovician. The palaeomagnetic pole isolated from Cambrian rocks of the Malopolska region of the Holy Cross Mountains corresponds to the Cambrian segment of the Baltic apparent polar wander path. Isotope age estimations indicate that Cambrian sediments of the Malopolska region contain detritus not only from a latest Neoproterozoic source but also from sources with ages of c. 0.8–0.9 Ga, 1.5 Ga and 1.8 Ga. The Malopolska, Brunosilesia, Dobrugea and Moesia terranes, which originally developed near the present southern edge of Baltica and were partly involved in the Cadomian orogen, were dextrally relocated along its Trans-European Suture Zone margin. The first stage of this movement took place as early as latest Ediacaran time, while Baltica rotated anticlockwise. Anticlockwise rotation of Baltica at the Cambrian–Ordovician boundary implies further dextral movement of the Malopolska block.