Abstract
In February 2007, two effusive vents opened along the flank of Sciara del Fuoco depression at Stromboli. The summit craters collapsed, obstructing the central conduit, choking the vents and increasing the deformation within Sciara del Fuoco. Here a new vent opened, releasing the excess magmatic pressure. The eruption continued, after a summit explosion, until April. The vents were fed by laterally propagating dykes. Vent location is similar to that of the 2002–2003 eruption; that eruption was fed by dykes triggering landslides, which in turn produced a tsunami. However, the 2007 eruption did not develop landslides, suggesting that their triggering also depends on other factors (i.e. magmatic pressure).
- © 2008 The Geological Society of London
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Dyke emplacement and related hazard in volcanoes with sector collapse: the 2007 Stromboli (Italy) eruption
- Article
- Abstract
- Chronology of the 2007 eruption. After the 2002–2003 eruption, the summit crater area of Stromboli consisted of a single large depression, elongated NE–SW and several tens of metres deep. Strombolian activity between 2004 and 2006 progressively filled this depression to its rim. In late 2006 to early 2007, Strombolian activity increased in frequency and intensity (see reports at http://www.ct.ingv.it/).
- Feeding system and dynamics of the 2007 eruption. As suggested by the downslope propagation of the NE–SW-striking fissure to the north of the summit crater area, vent 1 was fed by a laterally propagating NE–SW dyke, which originated from the upper portion of the central conduit. Lateral propagation occurs once the magma within the upper conduit reaches a pressure sufficient to overcome the resistance of the surrounding walls (Bousquet & Lanzafame 2001). Indeed, the dyke propagated laterally downslope without significant seismicity and was not accompanied by strong explosive activity. The NW–SE-aligned horseshoe-shaped cracks, located immediately to the SE of vent 2 (Fig. 1), may have been induced by the opening of the vent. However, the relationship between vents 1 and 2 is not unequivocal in the field, as there is no continuity in the fractures at the surface or any intermediate vent. Similarly, the origin of vent 3 and its relationships with vents 1 and 2 are also unclear from field data alone. Therefore, despite the evidence that vent 1 is dyke-fed, the definition of the feeding system of vents 2 and 3 is debatable.
- Comparison with the 2002–2003 eruption and hazard implications. Vent 1 of the 2007 eruption is in the same location as vent a in 2002–2003 (Fig. 1), which was also dyke-fed (Acocella et al. 2006). However, in 2007 the dyke propagated further downslope, to 400 m a.s.l. Similarly to 2002–2003, this feeding system has been the most active. Vent 3 is located along the same alignment as vents b–f of 2002–2003 (Fig. 1), which were intermittently fed by a NW–SE-striking dyke. Therefore, in both eruptions the vents in this central portion of Sciara del Fuoco were fed by NW–SE-striking dykes.
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