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Widespread bedding-parallel veins of fibrous calcite (’beef') in a mature source rock (Vaca Muerta Fm, Neuquén Basin, Argentina): evidence for overpressure and horizontal compression

Nuno Rodrigues, Peter R. Cobbold, Helge Loseth and Gilles Ruffet
Journal of the Geological Society, 166, 695-709, 17 June 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492008-111
Nuno Rodrigues
1 Geosciences-Rennes (UMR6881), CNRS et Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Peter R. Cobbold
1 Geosciences-Rennes (UMR6881), CNRS et Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Helge Loseth
2 StatoilHydro Research Centre, Arkitekt Ebbelsvei 10, Rotvoll, N-7005 Trondheim, Norway
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Gilles Ruffet
1 Geosciences-Rennes (UMR6881), CNRS et Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Abstract:

In the Neuquén Basin of Argentina, ’beef' (bedding-parallel veins of fibrous calcite) is widespread within Late Jurassic black mudstones. A typical vein consists of two grey inner zones and two white outer zones. The inner zones contain inclusions of wall rock and hydrocarbons. Calcite fibres are perpendicular to the margins. In the outer zones, the angle between fibre and margin varies from about 45° at the vein tips to 90° in the centre. Imprints of fossils are offset, proving that the fibres have grown antitaxially. We infer that the veins opened in two phases. During Phase 1, the opening was vertical, against gravity. During Phase 2, the veins resisted tectonic shortening, so that shear stresses acted at the margins. The senses of shear account for the fibre angles. At outcrop, igneous intrusive rocks have cut and metamorphosed the veins. From burial curves, maturity calculations, growth strata, and ages of igneous intrusions, we estimate that the inner zones of the beef formed in the oil window, during the Aptian to Albian, and that the outer zones formed in the gas window, during the Cenomanian to Campanian. We infer that the beef is evidence for fluid overpressure during hydrocarbon generation.

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Journal of the Geological Society: 166 (4)
Journal of the Geological Society
Volume 166, Issue 4
July 2009
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Widespread bedding-parallel veins of fibrous calcite (’beef') in a mature source rock (Vaca Muerta Fm, Neuquén Basin, Argentina): evidence for overpressure and horizontal compression

Nuno Rodrigues, Peter R. Cobbold, Helge Loseth and Gilles Ruffet
Journal of the Geological Society, 166, 695-709, 17 June 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492008-111
Nuno Rodrigues
1 Geosciences-Rennes (UMR6881), CNRS et Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Peter R. Cobbold
1 Geosciences-Rennes (UMR6881), CNRS et Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Helge Loseth
2 StatoilHydro Research Centre, Arkitekt Ebbelsvei 10, Rotvoll, N-7005 Trondheim, Norway
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Gilles Ruffet
1 Geosciences-Rennes (UMR6881), CNRS et Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Widespread bedding-parallel veins of fibrous calcite (’beef') in a mature source rock (Vaca Muerta Fm, Neuquén Basin, Argentina): evidence for overpressure and horizontal compression

Nuno Rodrigues, Peter R. Cobbold, Helge Loseth and Gilles Ruffet
Journal of the Geological Society, 166, 695-709, 17 June 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492008-111
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  • Article
    • Abstract:
    • The Neuquén Basin
    • The Vaca Muerta Fm
    • Distribution of beef
    • Internal structure of the beef
    • Relationships between beef and hydrocarbons
    • Relationship between beef and fossils
    • Inclusions of host rock
    • Inferred history of opening
    • Further evidence for horizontal shortening
    • Relationship between beef and concretions
    • Relationship between beef and igneous intrusive bodies
    • Discussion
    • Conclusions
    • Acknowledgments
    • References
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