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Seismic interpretation of sill complexes in sedimentary basins: implications for the sub-sill imaging problem

View ORCID ProfileChristian Haug Eide, Nick Schofield, View ORCID ProfileIsabelle Lecomte, View ORCID ProfileSimon J. Buckley and John A. Howell
Journal of the Geological Society, 175, 193-209, 1 December 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2017-096
Christian Haug Eide
1Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway
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  • ORCID record for Christian Haug Eide
  • For correspondence: christian.eide@uib.no
Nick Schofield
2School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Meston Building, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
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Isabelle Lecomte
1Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway
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Simon J. Buckley
1Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway
3Centre for Integrated Petroleum Research, Uni Research CIPR, Box 7810, 5020 Bergen, Norway
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John A. Howell
2School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Meston Building, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
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Abstract

Application of 3D seismic reflection data to igneous systems in sedimentary basins has led to a revolution in the understanding of mafic sill complexes. However, there is considerable uncertainty on how geometries and architecture of sill complexes within the subsurface actually relates to geometries in seismic reflection data. To provide constraints on how sill complexes in seismic data should be interpreted, we present synthetic seismograms generated from a seismic-scale (22 × 0.25 km) outcrop in East Greenland constrained by abundant field data. This study highlights how overlying igneous rocks adversely affect imaging of underlying intrusions and rocks by decreasing seismic amplitude, frequency and making steeply dipping features near-impossible to image. Furthermore, seismic modelling in this study shows that, because of the high impedance contrast between siliciclastic host rock and dolerites, very thin (1–5 m) intrusions should in principle be imaged in reflection seismic data at 3 km depth. However, comparison with actual seismic data with well data shows significant amounts of unimaged sill intrusions, and this is likely due to limited seismic resolution, overburden complexity, inadequate velocity-models, and interference between reflections from closely spaced sills and sill splays. Significant improvements to sill imaging and interpretation could be made by better predicting occurrence and geometry of sill intrusions and including these in velocity models.

Supplementary material: A scaled version of the input panel (Fig. 5d) used for seismic modelling (A1), and very high resolution versions of subfigures in Figure 11 (A2–3) are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5607160

  • © 2018 The Author(s)
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Journal of the Geological Society: 175 (2)
Journal of the Geological Society
Volume 175, Issue 2
March 2018
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Seismic interpretation of sill complexes in sedimentary basins: implications for the sub-sill imaging problem

Christian Haug Eide, Nick Schofield, Isabelle Lecomte, Simon J. Buckley and John A. Howell
Journal of the Geological Society, 175, 193-209, 1 December 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2017-096
Christian Haug Eide
1Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Christian Haug Eide
  • For correspondence: christian.eide@uib.no
Nick Schofield
2School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Meston Building, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Isabelle Lecomte
1Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Isabelle Lecomte
Simon J. Buckley
1Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway
3Centre for Integrated Petroleum Research, Uni Research CIPR, Box 7810, 5020 Bergen, Norway
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Simon J. Buckley
John A. Howell
2School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Meston Building, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
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Seismic interpretation of sill complexes in sedimentary basins: implications for the sub-sill imaging problem

Christian Haug Eide, Nick Schofield, Isabelle Lecomte, Simon J. Buckley and John A. Howell
Journal of the Geological Society, 175, 193-209, 1 December 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2017-096
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Geological setting
    • Sill architecture in studied outcrop section
    • Methods and dataset
    • Remarks on seismic resolution and detectability of sills
    • Forward seismic modelling
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