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Mountains of southernmost Norway: uplifted Miocene peneplains and re-exposed Mesozoic surfaces

View ORCID ProfilePeter Japsen, Paul F. Green, View ORCID ProfileJames A. Chalmers and View ORCID ProfileJohan M. Bonow
Journal of the Geological Society, 175, 721-741, 12 July 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2017-157
Peter Japsen
1Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
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  • ORCID record for Peter Japsen
  • For correspondence: pj@geus.dk
Paul F. Green
2Geotrack International, 37 Melville Road, Brunswick West, VIC 3055, Australia
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James A. Chalmers
1Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
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  • ORCID record for James A. Chalmers
Johan M. Bonow
3Geovisiona AB, Högbyvägen 168, SE-17554 Järfälla, Sweden
4Uppsala University, Box 513, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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Abstract

The origin of the Norwegian mountains (the Scandes) is a key controversy in modern geoscience. Are they remnants from the Caledonian Orogeny, modified shoulders of late Mesozoic rifts, or are they evidence of Neogene uplifts? Our synthesis of geological data, landscape analysis and new thermochronological data from Norway south of c. 60°N, combined with previously published data from southern Sweden, reveals a four-stage history: (1) Middle Triassic and Middle Jurassic exhumation produced a weathered basement surface with a hilly relief; (2) after late Mesozoic rifting, Upper Jurassic–Oligocene sediments accumulated across most of the area; (3) early Miocene uplift and erosion to the base level of the adjacent ocean led to formation of a peneplain that extended across sedimentary basins and Caledonian rocks; the subhorizontal Hardangervidda plateau represents this peneplain; (4) early Pliocene uplift raised Hardangervidda to its present elevation of c. 1200 m above sea-level and led to re-exposure of the tilted, Mesozoic surface at lower elevations. The Southern Scandes are thus, like other elevated passive continental margins around the world, the product of post-breakup uplift. Identification of the mechanisms driving these uplifts awaits geodynamic modelling constrained by observations such as those presented in this study.

Supplementary material: Table S1: AFTA data, sample details and associated thermal history interpretations; southernmost Norway. S2: analytical details and thermal history reconstructions for all apatite fission-track analysis (AFTA) samples as well as analytical data for one vitrinite reflectance sample, together with background information on the AFTA technique, are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4085996

  • © 2018 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London. All rights reserved
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Journal of the Geological Society: 175 (5)
Journal of the Geological Society
Volume 175, Issue 5
September 2018
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Mountains of southernmost Norway: uplifted Miocene peneplains and re-exposed Mesozoic surfaces

Peter Japsen, Paul F. Green, James A. Chalmers and Johan M. Bonow
Journal of the Geological Society, 175, 721-741, 12 July 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2017-157
Peter Japsen
1Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Peter Japsen
  • For correspondence: pj@geus.dk
Paul F. Green
2Geotrack International, 37 Melville Road, Brunswick West, VIC 3055, Australia
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
James A. Chalmers
1Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for James A. Chalmers
Johan M. Bonow
3Geovisiona AB, Högbyvägen 168, SE-17554 Järfälla, Sweden
4Uppsala University, Box 513, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Johan M. Bonow

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Mountains of southernmost Norway: uplifted Miocene peneplains and re-exposed Mesozoic surfaces

Peter Japsen, Paul F. Green, James A. Chalmers and Johan M. Bonow
Journal of the Geological Society, 175, 721-741, 12 July 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2017-157
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Geological outline
    • The landscape of the Southern Scandes
    • Apatite fission-track data from southern Norway
    • Regional events defined from AFTA and their relation to geology and landscapes
    • Reconstruction of the late Cenozoic development of the southernmost Scandes
    • Discussion
    • Mechanisms
    • Conclusions
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