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Chemical and petrographic fingerprinting of volcanic ashes as a tool for high-resolution stratigraphy of the upper Miocene Pisco Formation (Peru)

View ORCID ProfileGiulia Bosio, View ORCID ProfileAnna Gioncada, View ORCID ProfileElisa Malinverno, View ORCID ProfileClaudio Di Celma, View ORCID ProfileIgor M. Villa, Giuseppe Cataldi, View ORCID ProfileKaren Gariboldi, View ORCID ProfileAlberto Collareta, View ORCID ProfileMario Urbina and View ORCID ProfileGiovanni Bianucci
Journal of the Geological Society, 176, 13-28, 4 October 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2018-071
Giulia Bosio
1Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
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  • ORCID record for Giulia Bosio
  • For correspondence: giulia.bosio.giulia@gmail.com
Anna Gioncada
2Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Elisa Malinverno
1Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
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  • ORCID record for Elisa Malinverno
Claudio Di Celma
3Scuola di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università di Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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  • ORCID record for Claudio Di Celma
Igor M. Villa
4Institut für Geologie, Universität Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
5Centro Universitario Datazioni e Archeometria, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
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Giuseppe Cataldi
2Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Karen Gariboldi
2Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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  • ORCID record for Karen Gariboldi
Alberto Collareta
2Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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  • ORCID record for Alberto Collareta
Mario Urbina
6Departamento de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 1, Peru
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Giovanni Bianucci
2Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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  • ORCID record for Giovanni Bianucci
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Abstract

Tephra layers are a unique tool for stratigraphy. Their geologically instantaneous deposition across wide areas makes them a powerful instrument for dating and correlating distant localities. In this paper, we apply tephra fingerprinting for high-resolution stratigraphic purposes in the upper Miocene portion of the Pisco Formation, which crops out along the southern Peruvian coast. The Pisco Formation diatomaceous strata host an important marine vertebrate Fossil-Lagerstätte, whose palaeontological relevance has entailed the necessity of reconstructing a detailed chronostratigraphic framework using 39Ar–40Ar dating and tephra correlations. Distal ashes from the Central Andes volcanoes are frequent in the Pisco Formation, but their similar glass composition and mineral assemblage, together with the shallow marine environment limiting tephra preservation, could be unpromising for tephra-based correlations. In this study, tephra layers from measured stratigraphic sections were fingerprinted with a combined petrographic and microanalytical approach, including glass shard morphology and granulometric analyses. Based on the obtained results, we correlated sections several kilometres apart, greatly increasing the chronostratigraphic detail. Major element composition of biotite proved a valuable tool to discriminate the Central Andes metaluminous to peraluminous tephra deposited in the Peruvian forearc basins. This study highlights the applicability of tephra fingerprinting in unfavourable shallow marine environments.

Supplementary material: A compilation of tephra data (field observations, granulometric parameters, petrographic data and EPMA analyses on glass), EPMA single analyses on glass and biotite, 39Ar–40Ar step heating results, measured stratigraphic logs and biotite chemical diagrams are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4201484

  • © 2018 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London. All rights reserved
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Journal of the Geological Society: 176 (1)
Journal of the Geological Society
Volume 176, Issue 1
January 2019
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Chemical and petrographic fingerprinting of volcanic ashes as a tool for high-resolution stratigraphy of the upper Miocene Pisco Formation (Peru)

Giulia Bosio, Anna Gioncada, Elisa Malinverno, Claudio Di Celma, Igor M. Villa, Giuseppe Cataldi, Karen Gariboldi, Alberto Collareta, Mario Urbina and Giovanni Bianucci
Journal of the Geological Society, 176, 13-28, 4 October 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2018-071
Giulia Bosio
1Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Giulia Bosio
  • For correspondence: giulia.bosio.giulia@gmail.com
Anna Gioncada
2Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Anna Gioncada
Elisa Malinverno
1Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
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  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Elisa Malinverno
Claudio Di Celma
3Scuola di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università di Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Claudio Di Celma
Igor M. Villa
4Institut für Geologie, Universität Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
5Centro Universitario Datazioni e Archeometria, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Igor M. Villa
Giuseppe Cataldi
2Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Karen Gariboldi
2Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
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  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Karen Gariboldi
Alberto Collareta
2Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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  • ORCID record for Alberto Collareta
Mario Urbina
6Departamento de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 1, Peru
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Mario Urbina
Giovanni Bianucci
2Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
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  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Giovanni Bianucci

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Chemical and petrographic fingerprinting of volcanic ashes as a tool for high-resolution stratigraphy of the upper Miocene Pisco Formation (Peru)

Giulia Bosio, Anna Gioncada, Elisa Malinverno, Claudio Di Celma, Igor M. Villa, Giuseppe Cataldi, Karen Gariboldi, Alberto Collareta, Mario Urbina and Giovanni Bianucci
Journal of the Geological Society, 176, 13-28, 4 October 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2018-071
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