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Regurgitalites – a window into the trophic ecology of fossil cephalopods

View ORCID ProfileR. Hoffmann, View ORCID ProfileK. Stevens, H. Keupp, S. Simonsen and G. Schweigert
Journal of the Geological Society, 177, 82-102, 18 October 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2019-117
R. Hoffmann
1Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
Roles: [Conceptualization (Lead)], [Investigation (Lead)], [Writing - Original Draft (Lead)], [Writing - Review & Editing (Lead)]
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
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  • ORCID record for R. Hoffmann
  • For correspondence: rene.hoffmann@rub.de
K. Stevens
1Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
Roles: [Data curation (Supporting)], [Formal analysis (Lead)], [Writing - Original Draft (Supporting)], [Writing - Review & Editing (Supporting)]
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
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  • ORCID record for K. Stevens
H. Keupp
2Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstraße 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany
Roles: [Writing - Original Draft (Supporting)], [Writing - Review & Editing (Supporting)]
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S. Simonsen
3Am Jöllesiek 7, 33739 Bielefeld, Germany
Roles: [Writing - Original Draft (Supporting)]
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G. Schweigert
4Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany
Roles: [Resources (Supporting)], [Writing - Original Draft (Supporting)], [Writing - Review & Editing (Supporting)]
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Abstract

Fossil oral ejecta that exclusively contain bivalved calcitic lower jaws of ammonites (=aptychi) from Late Jurassic Solnhofen-type deposits of southern Germany are described. Based on the symphysis length of aptychi the ammonite shell diameters were reconstructed, ranging from 5 to 170 mm. To identify the potential ammonite predator published reports on stomach contents, coprolites and ammonite-palaeopathology were critically assessed. Implementation of the actualistic approach, together with some functional considerations, includes the identification of modern cephalopod predators with a focus on the modern Nautilus, and the distribution of vomiting behaviour among them. Stomach fluid pH is also important because species with an alkaline stomach pH are unable to dissolve calcareous hardparts and have to orally eject such material. Herein, we regard coleoids with an opportunistic diet as the most likely producers of the aptychi-bearing regurgitalites. This is based on finds of aptychi in the stomachs of the two coleoids Plesioteuthis and Trachyteuthis. They were likely fast, highly manoeuvrable swimmers. Both share a strong, triangular-shaped jaw apparatus that could possibly crush ammonite shells as well as arms equipped with suckers to hold their prey. Circumstantial evidence for coleoids as the producers comes from the alkaline pH of the stomach fluids of modern coleoids.

Supplementary material: Data for lamellaptychi are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4695002

  • © 2019 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London. All rights reserved
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Journal of the Geological Society: 177 (1)
Journal of the Geological Society
Volume 177, Issue 1
January 2020
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Regurgitalites – a window into the trophic ecology of fossil cephalopods

R. Hoffmann, K. Stevens, H. Keupp, S. Simonsen and G. Schweigert
Journal of the Geological Society, 177, 82-102, 18 October 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2019-117
R. Hoffmann
1Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
Roles: [Conceptualization (Lead)], [Investigation (Lead)], [Writing - Original Draft (Lead)], [Writing - Review & Editing (Lead)]
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for R. Hoffmann
  • For correspondence: rene.hoffmann@rub.de
K. Stevens
1Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
Roles: [Data curation (Supporting)], [Formal analysis (Lead)], [Writing - Original Draft (Supporting)], [Writing - Review & Editing (Supporting)]
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for K. Stevens
H. Keupp
2Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstraße 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany
Roles: [Writing - Original Draft (Supporting)], [Writing - Review & Editing (Supporting)]
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
S. Simonsen
3Am Jöllesiek 7, 33739 Bielefeld, Germany
Roles: [Writing - Original Draft (Supporting)]
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
G. Schweigert
4Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany
Roles: [Resources (Supporting)], [Writing - Original Draft (Supporting)], [Writing - Review & Editing (Supporting)]
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
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Regurgitalites – a window into the trophic ecology of fossil cephalopods

R. Hoffmann, K. Stevens, H. Keupp, S. Simonsen and G. Schweigert
Journal of the Geological Society, 177, 82-102, 18 October 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2019-117
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    • How to recognize regurgitalites
    • Fossil record of regurgitalites
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