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Salt extrusion kinematics: insights from existing data, morphology and InSAR modelling of the active emergent Anguru diapir in the Zagros fold and thrust belt, Iran

View ORCID ProfileMohammad R. Ghassemi and Mahasa Roustaei
Journal of the Geological Society, 178, jgs2020-136, 8 June 2021, https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2020-136
Mohammad R. Ghassemi
1Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, PO Box 13185-1494, Tehran, Iran
2School of Geology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Roles: [Data curation (Supporting)], [Investigation (Equal)], [Methodology (Lead)], [Supervision (Lead)], [Visualization (Lead)], [Writing – original draft (Lead)], [Writing – review & editing (Lead)]
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Mahasa Roustaei
3Remote Sensing Group, Geomatics Department, Geological Survey of Iran, PO Box 13185-1494, Tehran, Iran
Roles: [Data curation (Lead)], [Investigation (Equal)], [Methodology (Supporting)], [Visualization (Supporting)], [Writing – original draft (Supporting)], [Writing – review & editing (Supporting)]
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Abstract

Emergent salt diapirs are highly mobile geological objects, the kinematics of which pose essential pure and applied problems for geologists and engineers. Movement and deformation of buried salt after its ejection onto the surface is a multivariable process that is susceptible to plenty of intrinsic and ambient factors. As a result, existing data acquisition approaches give extremely variable movement rates for subaerial salt extrusions. The Anguru diapir in the Zagros fold and thrust belt (ZFTB) is a typical emergent intra-anticlinal salt plug that demonstrates very recent activity, and hence was selected to be studied for quantifying salt kinematics under relatively well-defined physical conditions. We used interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) time-series data to evaluate surface displacement over the salt dome by constructing 236 interferograms derived from 47 Envisat ASAR (time span: 2003–10) and 12 ALOS PALSAR (time span: 2006–10) images, which, combined with other lines of evidence, suggest a very recent extrusion history. The maximum line of sight (LOS) displacement rates of the diapir surface are −2.6 and  +  1.4 cm a−1. Modelling of the Anguru salt plug surface suggests a bilobed pattern of LOS movements that allows interpretation of the interferometric patterns observed over active upwelling (doming) or downwarping structures.

Supplementary material: Time series maps of the ALOS 565 ascending track and Envisat 435 descending track interferogramsare available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5413388

  • © 2021 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London. All rights reserved
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Journal of the Geological Society: 178 (6)
Journal of the Geological Society
Volume 178, Issue 6
November 2021
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Salt extrusion kinematics: insights from existing data, morphology and InSAR modelling of the active emergent Anguru diapir in the Zagros fold and thrust belt, Iran

Mohammad R. Ghassemi and Mahasa Roustaei
Journal of the Geological Society, 178, jgs2020-136, 8 June 2021, https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2020-136
Mohammad R. Ghassemi
1Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, PO Box 13185-1494, Tehran, Iran
2School of Geology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Roles: [Data curation (Supporting)], [Investigation (Equal)], [Methodology (Lead)], [Supervision (Lead)], [Visualization (Lead)], [Writing – original draft (Lead)], [Writing – review & editing (Lead)]
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Mohammad R. Ghassemi
  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Mahasa Roustaei
3Remote Sensing Group, Geomatics Department, Geological Survey of Iran, PO Box 13185-1494, Tehran, Iran
Roles: [Data curation (Lead)], [Investigation (Equal)], [Methodology (Supporting)], [Visualization (Supporting)], [Writing – original draft (Supporting)], [Writing – review & editing (Supporting)]
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
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Salt extrusion kinematics: insights from existing data, morphology and InSAR modelling of the active emergent Anguru diapir in the Zagros fold and thrust belt, Iran

Mohammad R. Ghassemi and Mahasa Roustaei
Journal of the Geological Society, 178, jgs2020-136, 8 June 2021, https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2020-136
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Geological and structural setting of emergent diapirs in the ZFTB
    • Evolutionary trend in development of intra-anticlinal diapirs
    • Extrusion of salt in Anguru
    • Salt extrusion and gravity spreading dynamics
    • InSAR multi-sensor approach for the quantification of salt kinematics
    • Modelling salt extrusion
    • Discussion
    • Conclusion
    • Acknowledgements
    • Author contributions
    • Funding
    • Data availability
    • References
  • Figures & Data
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