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The grandest of them all: the Lomagundi–Jatuli Event and Earth's oxygenation

View ORCID ProfileA.R. Prave, K. Kirsimäe, A. Lepland, View ORCID ProfileA.E. Fallick, T. Kreitsmann, View ORCID ProfileYu.E. Deines, A.E. Romashkin, D.V. Rychanchik, View ORCID ProfileP.V. Medvedev, M. Moussavou, View ORCID ProfileK. Bakakas and View ORCID ProfileM.S.W. Hodgskiss
Journal of the Geological Society, 179, jgs2021-036, 21 July 2021, https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2021-036
A.R. Prave
1School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AL, UK
Roles: [Conceptualization (Equal)], [Investigation (Equal)], [Writing – original draft (Equal)], [Writing – review & editing (Equal)]
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  • ORCID record for A.R. Prave
  • For correspondence: [email protected]
K. Kirsimäe
2Department of Geology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
Roles: [Conceptualization (Equal)], [Investigation (Equal)], [Writing – original draft (Equal)], [Writing – review & editing (Equal)]
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A. Lepland
2Department of Geology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
3Geological Survey of Norway, Trondheim 7491, Norway
Roles: [Conceptualization (Equal)], [Investigation (Equal)], [Writing – original draft (Equal)], [Writing – review & editing (Equal)]
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A.E. Fallick
4SUERC, Rankine Avenue, East Kilbride G75 0QF, UK
Roles: [Conceptualization (Equal)], [Writing – original draft (Equal)], [Writing – review & editing (Equal)]
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  • ORCID record for A.E. Fallick
T. Kreitsmann
2Department of Geology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
Roles: [Conceptualization (Equal)], [Investigation (Equal)], [Writing – original draft (Equal)], [Writing – review & editing (Equal)]
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Yu.E. Deines
5Institute of Geology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushkinskaya 11, Petrozavodsk 185610, Russia
Roles: [Conceptualization (Equal)], [Investigation (Equal)]
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  • ORCID record for Yu.E. Deines
A.E. Romashkin
5Institute of Geology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushkinskaya 11, Petrozavodsk 185610, Russia
Roles: [Conceptualization (Equal)], [Investigation (Equal)]
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D.V. Rychanchik
5Institute of Geology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushkinskaya 11, Petrozavodsk 185610, Russia
Roles: [Conceptualization (Equal)], [Investigation (Equal)]
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P.V. Medvedev
5Institute of Geology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushkinskaya 11, Petrozavodsk 185610, Russia
Roles: [Conceptualization (Equal)], [Investigation (Equal)], [Writing – original draft (Equal)]
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M. Moussavou
6Department of Geology, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, 943, Franceville, Gabon
Roles: [Conceptualization (Equal)], [Investigation (Equal)]
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K. Bakakas
6Department of Geology, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, 943, Franceville, Gabon
Roles: [Conceptualization (Equal)], [Investigation (Equal)]
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  • ORCID record for K. Bakakas
M.S.W. Hodgskiss
7Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
Roles: [Writing – original draft (Equal)], [Writing – review & editing (Equal)]
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  • Fig. 1.
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    Fig. 1.

    Generalized map of Paleoproterozoic outcrop belts. Circled numbers indicate those successions utilized in this study. See Supplementary material for data and data sources.

  • Fig. 2.
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    Fig. 2.

    Coastal–evaporitic–nearshore-marine facies in Lomagundi–Jatuli Event (LJE)-bearing strata of the Onega (a–c, e, f, h, k–m) and Franceville (d, g, i, j) Basins. (a) Stromatolites. (b) Tepee in red–grey mudstone with evaporite pseudomorphs. (c) Evaporite pseudomorph in red–grey mudstone. (d). Tepee developed on palaeokarst breccia and eroded by overlying dolostone grainstone. (e). Poorly sorted coarse doloarenite and mudstone overlain by disrupted red–brown mudstone with abundant chicken wire fabric. (f)–(h) Micritic dolostone broken and disrupted by variably developed palaeokarst and evaporite pseudomorph fabrics. (i), (j) Cross-bedded doloarenite. (k) Herringbone cross-lamination with mud drapes. (l) Tidal couplets of graded fine doloarenite and red–grey mudstone–dolomarl. (m) Tidal bundle of fine doloarenite and grey dolomarl and mudstone with abundant millimetre-scale gypsum pseudomorph needles overlain by dolorudite. Scale bars c. 2 cm.

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    Fig. 3.

    Open- and deeper-marine facies of LJE-bearing strata in Franceville (a–d) and Onega (e–g) basins. (a) Low-angle laminated graded fine doloarenite beds overlain by flake–breccia debrite (coin c. 2 cm). (b) Dark grey to black shale (outcrop c. 5 m in height; contact with dolostone of 3a at base of ledge); pale colours represent deeply weathered intervals. (c), (d) Thin graded beds of fine dolostone with sets of low-angle plane- to wavy-parallel laminae. (e)–(g) Grey and cream–pink–green fine dolostone (‘krivozerite’) in millimetre- to centimetre-thick graded beds marked by millimetre-scale ripples and plane- to wavy-parallel laminae; arrows in 3e denote individual graded beds. Scale bars c. 2 cm.

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    Fig. 4.

    Box-and-whisker plots for δ13Ccarb data classified by palaeoenvironmental setting. (a) Data for the Francevillian and Karelia–Kola regions. (b) LJE data worldwide. (c) Timeline trend of palaeoenvironmental settings from Neoarchaean through to specific Phanerozoic time periods (Rec, Recent; Mess, Messinian; Perm, Permian; Trias, Triassic). See Supplementary material for C-isotope data.

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    Fig. 5.

    C-isotope profile of Tulomozero and lower part of Zaonega Formations, Onega Basin. OPH, Onega Parametric Hole; R-S, Raiguba and Shunga localities. See Supplementary material for C-isotope data.

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    Fig. 6.

    δ13Ccarb data for marine carbonate rocks between 3.0 and 1.0 Ga in age in 100 Myr age bins (see Supplementary material for sources of data). (a) LJE-bearing successions are in red and those recording the purported decline of the LJE in light red; running bootstrap average shown as a blue line. (b) 2D density plot that shows the abundance and consistency of δ13Ccarb values between 0 and 4‰ across the entire 2 Gyr time span. (c). The lower panel shows the consensus view of a direct one-to-one match between the LJE and postulated rise in atmospheric pO2 (PAL: present atmospheric level; adapted after Lyons et al. 2014). The upper panel shows the new understanding of the LJE excursion as a consequence of palaeoenvironmental setting (consensus view is shown by dashed outline). The light-grey bar highlights the LJE. Deeply negative δ13Ccarb values that post-date the LJE have been shown in two studies of the Onega Basin rocks to reflect post-depositional overprinting or methane recycling (Črne et al. 2014; Kreistmann et al. 2019, 2020).

Tables

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    Table 1.

    Summary δ13Ccarb data for Lomagundi–Jatuli Event successions (N = number of measurements; C.I. = confidence interval). See Supplementary material for data and data sources

    Table 1. Lomagundi–Jatuli Event (LJE) δ13Ccarb (‰ V-PDB) summary data
    PalaeoenvironmentNBootstrapped meanBootstrap mean 95% C.I. lowerBootstrap mean 95% C.I. upper
    Francevillian–Karelia–Kola regionsintertidal–coastal–sabkha (evaporitic)2739.39.19.5
    Nearshore-marine–inner shelf3256.86.66.9
    open and deeper marine1302.01.62.3
    all LJE successions worldwideintertidal–coastal–sabkha (evaporitic)5628.17.88.4
    Nearshore-marine–inner shelf7056.26.16.4
    open and deeper marine7711.51.31.7
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Journal of the Geological Society: 179 (1)
Journal of the Geological Society
Volume 179, Issue 1
January 2022
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The grandest of them all: the Lomagundi–Jatuli Event and Earth's oxygenation

A.R. Prave, K. Kirsimäe, A. Lepland, A.E. Fallick, T. Kreitsmann, Yu.E. Deines, A.E. Romashkin, D.V. Rychanchik, P.V. Medvedev, M. Moussavou, K. Bakakas and M.S.W. Hodgskiss
Journal of the Geological Society, 179, jgs2021-036, 21 July 2021, https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2021-036
A.R. Prave
1School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AL, UK
Roles: [Conceptualization (Equal)], [Investigation (Equal)], [Writing – original draft (Equal)], [Writing – review & editing (Equal)]
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for A.R. Prave
  • For correspondence: [email protected]
K. Kirsimäe
2Department of Geology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
Roles: [Conceptualization (Equal)], [Investigation (Equal)], [Writing – original draft (Equal)], [Writing – review & editing (Equal)]
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
A. Lepland
2Department of Geology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
3Geological Survey of Norway, Trondheim 7491, Norway
Roles: [Conceptualization (Equal)], [Investigation (Equal)], [Writing – original draft (Equal)], [Writing – review & editing (Equal)]
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
A.E. Fallick
4SUERC, Rankine Avenue, East Kilbride G75 0QF, UK
Roles: [Conceptualization (Equal)], [Writing – original draft (Equal)], [Writing – review & editing (Equal)]
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
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  • ORCID record for A.E. Fallick
T. Kreitsmann
2Department of Geology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
Roles: [Conceptualization (Equal)], [Investigation (Equal)], [Writing – original draft (Equal)], [Writing – review & editing (Equal)]
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
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Yu.E. Deines
5Institute of Geology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushkinskaya 11, Petrozavodsk 185610, Russia
Roles: [Conceptualization (Equal)], [Investigation (Equal)]
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
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  • ORCID record for Yu.E. Deines
A.E. Romashkin
5Institute of Geology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushkinskaya 11, Petrozavodsk 185610, Russia
Roles: [Conceptualization (Equal)], [Investigation (Equal)]
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
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D.V. Rychanchik
5Institute of Geology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushkinskaya 11, Petrozavodsk 185610, Russia
Roles: [Conceptualization (Equal)], [Investigation (Equal)]
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P.V. Medvedev
5Institute of Geology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushkinskaya 11, Petrozavodsk 185610, Russia
Roles: [Conceptualization (Equal)], [Investigation (Equal)], [Writing – original draft (Equal)]
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  • ORCID record for P.V. Medvedev
M. Moussavou
6Department of Geology, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, 943, Franceville, Gabon
Roles: [Conceptualization (Equal)], [Investigation (Equal)]
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K. Bakakas
6Department of Geology, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, 943, Franceville, Gabon
Roles: [Conceptualization (Equal)], [Investigation (Equal)]
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  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for K. Bakakas
M.S.W. Hodgskiss
7Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
Roles: [Writing – original draft (Equal)], [Writing – review & editing (Equal)]
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
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  • ORCID record for M.S.W. Hodgskiss

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The grandest of them all: the Lomagundi–Jatuli Event and Earth's oxygenation

A.R. Prave, K. Kirsimäe, A. Lepland, A.E. Fallick, T. Kreitsmann, Yu.E. Deines, A.E. Romashkin, D.V. Rychanchik, P.V. Medvedev, M. Moussavou, K. Bakakas and M.S.W. Hodgskiss
Journal of the Geological Society, 179, jgs2021-036, 21 July 2021, https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2021-036
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • The LJE and the carbon cycle
    • Methods
    • Facies of LJE-bearing successions and C-isotope values
    • Assessing the LJE globally
    • The significance of high C-isotope values occurring in deeper-water facies
    • The LJE: a new understanding
    • The LJE and Earth's oxygenation: summary and conclusions
    • Acknowledgments
    • Author contributions
    • Funding
    • Data availability
    • Footnotes
    • References
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